शुक्रवार, 1 नवंबर 2030
कार्तिक · शुक्ल पक्ष षष्ठी · पूर्वाषाढा
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- सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
- 06:32 · 17:49
सूर्य षष्ठी (छठ)
बिहार, झारखण्ड, पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश, नेपाल
✦महत्त्व
बिहार, झारखण्ड, पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश और नेपाल की तराई का महान सूर्य-व्रत — पवित्रता के चार दिन, जिनमें कमर तक जल में खड़े होकर अर्घ्य दिया जाता है, पहले डूबते सूर्य को और फिर उगते सूर्य को। सम्भवतः यही एक पर्व है जो डूबते सूर्य को प्रणाम करता है — जीवनदाता का, उत्कर्ष की तरह ही ढलान में भी, आदर करते हुए — बच्चों की रक्षिका छठी मैया के साथ।
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Ṛgveda 1.50 (Sūrya-sūkta); Mahābhārata, Vana-parva 3; Brahma-vaivarta Purāṇa, Prakṛti-khaṇḍa (Ṣaṣṭhī Devī)
The worship of the visible Sun is as old as the Veda: “Up the rays bear him, the god who knows all beings, Sūrya, that all may see him.” The Mahābhārata tells how the sage Dhaumya taught Yudhiṣṭhira the hundred and eight names of the Sun, by which the Pāṇḍavas were sustained in exile; regional tradition holds that Draupadī kept the sixth-day vow and that Karṇa, son of the Sun and king of Aṅga — today’s Bihar — stood daily in the river offering arghya. The Brahma-vaivarta Purāṇa tells of King Priyavrata, whose stillborn son was restored by Ṣaṣṭhī Devī, the sixth part of Prakṛti, mind-born daughter of Brahmā and guardian of infants — she is the Chaṭhī Maiyā of the songs.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
Day one, Nahāy-Khāy: a bath and a single pure meal of rice, gram dāl and bottle-gourd. Day two, Kharnā: a day-long fast ended at night with jaggery khīr and roṭī, after which thirty-six hours without water begin. Day three, Sandhyā Arghya: families carry bamboo baskets (sūp, dauṛā) of ṭhekuā, sugarcane, coconut, banana and seasonal fruit to the riverbank. Day four, Uṣā Arghya at sunrise, and the fast is broken. No priest is needed; the old Maithilī and Bhojpurī songs are the liturgy.
🌙व्रत
The vratī — most often the mother of the house — sleeps on the floor, cooks on a new earthen stove with mango wood, and keeps the thirty-six-hour waterless fast for the health and long life of her children and family.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Arghya of milk and water poured before the Sun from a bamboo winnow laden with offerings, with lamps set on the water; a kośī — a canopy of sugarcane stalks over earthen lamps — is lit in the courtyard in thanksgiving for a wish fulfilled.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ घृणिः सूर्य आदित्यः ॥
oṃ ghṛṇiḥ sūrya ādityaḥ ||
अर्थ: Oṃ — the radiant one, Sūrya, the son of Aditi.
फल: The eight-syllable Sūrya mantra — recited with arghya at sunrise for health, eyesight, vitality and a bright intellect.
ॐ भूर्भुवः स्वः ।
तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यं भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि ।
धियो यो नः प्रचोदयात् ॥
oṃ bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ | tat savitur vareṇyaṃ bhargo devasya dhīmahi | dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt ||
अर्थ: We meditate on the adorable radiance of the divine Savitṛ; may he awaken our understanding.
फल: The mother of the Vedic mantras — recited at sunrise, noon and sunset for clarity of mind, inner light and the blessing of the Sun.
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 3
- Ṛgveda 1.50
- Mahābhārata, Vana-parva 3
- Brahma-vaivarta Purāṇa, Prakṛti-khaṇḍa 43