The fourth of the dark fortnight, Gaṇeśa’s monthly vow: saṅkaṣṭa-hara, “the remover of hardships”. The fast is kept until the moon rises. When it falls on a Tuesday it is Aṅgārakī, the most prized of all.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Gaṇeśa Purāṇa, Upāsanā-khaṇḍa; Mudgala Purāṇa
The Gaṇeśa Purāṇa tells that Aṅgāraka (Mars), son of the Earth and the sage Bharadvāja, worshipped Gaṇeśa with long austerity; the Lord appeared to him on a dark fourth that fell on a Tuesday and granted that the day bear his name, and that whoever keeps the vow on it have every obstacle removed. Each month’s Caturthī has its own form of Gaṇeśa and its own story, told at moonrise.
🌙व्रत
A day-long fast, fruit and roots permitted; at moonrise Gaṇeśa is worshipped, arghya is given to the Moon, the kathā is heard and the fast is broken.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Twenty-one dūrvā blades, red flowers, modaka or sesame laḍḍū; the Saṅkaṣṭa-nāśana Gaṇeśa-stotra from the Nārada Purāṇa and the Atharvaśīrṣa are recited.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 1
ॐ गं गणपतये नमः ॥
oṃ gaṃ gaṇapataye namaḥ ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Gaṇapati, lord of the hosts.
फल: Recited before every beginning — removes obstacles and grants success, learning and a steady intellect.
Gaṇapati Atharvaśīrṣa Upaniṣad 7
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Gaṇeśa Purāṇa, Upāsanā-khaṇḍa
Nārada Purāṇa (Saṅkaṣṭa-nāśana-stotra)
4गुरु
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कृष्ण पक्ष चतुर्थी · तक 14:50
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मघा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
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कृष्ण पक्ष पंचमी · तक 12:32
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सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
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कृष्ण पक्ष षष्ठी · तक 10:14
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सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
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सूर्योदय की तिथि
कृष्ण पक्ष सप्तमी · तक 08:00
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हस्त
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:09 · 17:57
8सोम
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पौष · कृष्ण पक्ष नवमी · चित्रा
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पौष
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कृष्ण पक्ष नवमी · तक 04:01 (next day)
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चित्रा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 17:58
9मंगल
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पौष · कृष्ण पक्ष दशमी · स्वाति
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चान्द्र मास
पौष
सूर्योदय की तिथि
कृष्ण पक्ष दशमी · तक 02:20 (next day)
नक्षत्र
स्वाति
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 17:58
10बुध
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पौष · कृष्ण पक्ष एकादशी · विशाखा
☀दिन के बारे में
चान्द्र मास
पौष
सूर्योदय की तिथि
कृष्ण पक्ष एकादशी · तक 00:56 (next day)
नक्षत्र
विशाखा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 17:59
षट्तिला एकादशी
📜पद्म पुराण में · अध्याय 42
पौष · कृष्ण पक्ष
अध्याय में: पुलस्त्य का दाल्भ्य को कथन; पूरे व्रत में तिल का प्रयोग.
… for so many thousand years he is honoured in heaven. Bathing with sesame, rubbing the body with sesame, offering sesame into the fire, sesame in water —
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
The eleventh tithi of each fortnight, dearest of all days to Viṣṇu. Eleven stands for the ten senses and the mind; on this day they are turned from food toward the Lord. The Padma Purāṇa gives each of the year’s Ekādaśīs its own name, story and fruit.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa 38 — the birth of Ekādaśī
In the Kṛta age the asura Mura drove the gods from heaven. Viṣṇu fought him for a thousand divine years and then withdrew to rest in the cave Hemavatī at Badarikāśrama. Mura followed, meaning to slay the sleeping Lord — when from Viṣṇu’s own body sprang a radiant maiden, armed, who met the asura in battle and reduced him to ashes with a sound. Waking, the Lord asked who had done this; she answered that she was born of him, on the eleventh day. Pleased, he named her Ekādaśī and granted her wish: that whoever fasts on her day be freed from wrong and come to his abode.
🌙व्रत
A light single meal on Daśamī; on Ekādaśī a full fast, or fruit and milk, with all grains and beans set aside; a night vigil with the names of Hari; and pāraṇa on Dvādaśī morning after sunrise, within the Dvādaśī, after feeding another.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Viṣṇu is worshipped with tulasī leaves, sandal, flowers, lamp and fruit; the Viṣṇu-sahasranāma, the Gītā and the Ekādaśī-māhātmya of the day are read; lamps are lit before the tulasī at dusk.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥
oṃ namo bhagavate vāsudevāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to the blessed Lord Vāsudeva.
फल: The dvādaśākṣara — by this mantra the child Dhruva saw the Lord within six months; recited for devotion, protection and liberation.
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.8.54 — the twelve-syllable mantra Nārada gives to Dhruva
ॐ नमो नारायणाय ॥
oṃ namo nārāyaṇāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Nārāyaṇa, the refuge of all beings.
फल: The eight-syllable mantra — the Upaniṣad says one who recites it attains full life, prosperity and the abode of Viṣṇu.
Nārāyaṇa Upaniṣad (Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda)
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 1
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa 36–63
11गुरु
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कृष्ण पक्ष द्वादशी · तक 23:51
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अनुराधा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:00
12शुक्र
शुक्रवार, 12 जनवरी 2029
पौष · कृष्ण पक्ष त्रयोदशी · ज्येष्ठा
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कृष्ण पक्ष त्रयोदशी · तक 23:07
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ज्येष्ठा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:01
प्रदोष व्रत
✦महत्त्व
The thirteenth tithi at twilight — the hour and a half around sunset when Śiva, having drunk the poison of the churned ocean, danced between the horns of Nandī for the joy of the gods. Worship in this window is held to please him swiftly; a Monday (Soma) or Saturday (Śani) Pradoṣa is prized most.
When the hālāhala poison rose from the churned ocean and scorched the worlds, the gods fled to Kailāsa. Śiva, in compassion, gathered the poison in his palm and drank it; Pārvatī pressed his throat, and it stayed there, turning it blue — Nīlakaṇṭha. The Skanda Purāṇa tells that on the thirteenth, at dusk, he danced in gladness while the gods stood round in worship, and relates how a destitute widow’s son and an orphaned prince, taught the Pradoṣa vow by the sage Śāṇḍilya, regained a kingdom by it.
🌙व्रत
A fast from sunrise, broken after the twilight worship; kept on both thirteenths of the month.
🔥पूजा और हवन
In the pradoṣa window: abhiṣeka of the liṅga with milk and water, bilva leaves, lamp and incense; Nandī is worshipped first and the liṅga viewed between his horns; the pradakṣiṇā is done in the half-circle Soma-sūtra manner; the Śiva-pradoṣa-stotra and Rudram are recited.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमः शिवाय ॥
oṃ namaḥ śivāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Śiva, the auspicious one.
फल: The five-syllable mantra at the heart of the Yajurveda — purifies the five elements of the body and steadies the mind in Śiva.
अर्थ: We worship the three-eyed Lord, fragrant, the nourisher of all; as a ripe gourd is freed from its stalk, may he free us from death, not from immortality.
फल: The great death-conquering mantra — japa of 108 for health, long life, recovery from illness and fearlessness.
Ṛgveda 7.59.12 (Vasiṣṭha); Śukla Yajurveda 3.60
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Skanda Purāṇa, Brahmottara-khaṇḍa 6–7
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.7
मासिक शिवरात्रि
✦महत्त्व
The monthly night of Śiva, the fourteenth of the dark half, when the waning moon — the mind — is almost still. Those who keep all twelve through the year complete the vow on Mahā Śivarātri.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Evening or midnight worship of the liṅga with water, milk and bilva; a fast through the day; japa of the pañcākṣarī.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 1
ॐ नमः शिवाय ॥
oṃ namaḥ śivāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Śiva, the auspicious one.
फल: The five-syllable mantra at the heart of the Yajurveda — purifies the five elements of the body and steadies the mind in Śiva.
वराहमिहिर दोनों बातें साथ रखते हैं। पहले कथा: अमृत चखने वाला कटा हुआ सिर, जो ग्रह बना। फिर विज्ञान: चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी की छाया में प्रवेश करता है, और सूर्य-ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा सूर्य को ढकता है — “राहु कारण नहीं है”। और फिर यह कि अनुष्ठान क्यों चलता है: ब्रह्मा के वर से ग्रहण-काल की आहुति में राहु का भाग है।
वास्तव में, अपने ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी की छाया में प्रवेश करता है; सूर्य-ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा सूर्य को ढकता है। इसलिए ग्रहण चन्द्रमा के लिए पिछले भाग से, और सूर्य के लिए अगले भाग से नहीं, आरम्भ होता है।
इस प्रकार दिव्य-दृष्टि वाले आचार्यों ने ग्रहण का वास्तविक कारण कहा है; और कहा गया है कि राहु इसका वास्तविक भौतिक कारण नहीं है, यही शास्त्र का वास्तविक तात्पर्य है।
ग्रहण किसी भी निमित्त से पहले से नहीं जाना जा सकता; निमित्त (उत्पात) अन्य समय में भी होते हैं।
✦महत्त्व
An eclipse is a parva — a sacred juncture. The tradition treats its hours as the most potent of all for japa, meditation and giving: a mantra repeated through an eclipse is said to bear fruit many times over, and a gift made at its release never decays.
🔥पूजा और हवन
A bath at the first touch; japa of one’s own mantra, the Gāyatrī or the Mahāmṛtyuñjaya through the eclipse; a second bath at release; then gifts of grain, sesame, clothes and gold, and fresh cooking. Darbha grass or tulasī leaves are placed on stored food and water.
अर्थ: We worship the three-eyed Lord, fragrant, the nourisher of all; as a ripe gourd is freed from its stalk, may he free us from death, not from immortality.
फल: The great death-conquering mantra — japa of 108 for health, long life, recovery from illness and fearlessness.
Ṛgveda 7.59.12 (Vasiṣṭha); Śukla Yajurveda 3.60
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Bṛhat Saṃhitā 5
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.82 — the eclipse pilgrimage to Kurukṣetra
मौनी अमावस्या
✦महत्त्व
The new moon of silence. In the month of Māgha, when the Sun and Moon stand together in Capricorn, a bath at the confluence of Gaṅgā, Yamunā and Sarasvatī at Prayāga is held to be the most purifying of the year, and keeping mauna — silence — turns the bath inward. It is the chief bathing day of the Māgha Melā and the Kumbha.
The sage Vasiṣṭha told King Dilīpa that no sacrifice, gift or austerity equals the pre-dawn bath of Māgha: “In Māgha the waters call aloud at sunrise — whom shall we purify?” The Matsya Purāṇa records Mārkaṇḍeya’s teaching to Yudhiṣṭhira that at Prayāga, the king of tīrthas, where Brahmā performed the first sacrifice, sixty thousand tīrthas gather in Māgha. Tradition holds that Manu, the first man and the first sage (muni), was born on this day, and that mauna, muni and Manu share one root: the mind made still.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
At Prayāga the kalpavāsīs — who live the whole month on the sand in straw huts, bathing thrice and eating once — take their most sacred dip, and the akhāṛās of sādhus go in procession to the Saṅgama. Elsewhere people bathe in any river or at home with a little Gaṅgā water, and keep silence until the bath is done, or all day.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Bath before sunrise in silence; arghya to the Sun; tarpaṇa to the ancestors with sesame; gifts of sesame, blankets, warm clothes, grain and ghee; worship of Viṣṇu and recitation of the Gītā or the Viṣṇu-sahasranāma. Silence is broken with the name of God.
oṃ bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ | tat savitur vareṇyaṃ bhargo devasya dhīmahi | dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt ||
अर्थ: We meditate on the adorable radiance of the divine Savitṛ; may he awaken our understanding.
फल: The mother of the Vedic mantras — recited at sunrise, noon and sunset for clarity of mind, inner light and the blessing of the Sun.
Ṛgveda 3.62.10 (Viśvāmitra)
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa, Māgha-māhātmya
Matsya Purāṇa 104–112
मकर संक्रान्ति — पोंगल, उत्तरायण, माघ बिहू; पूर्व-सन्ध्या पर लोहड़ी
✦महत्त्व
The Sun enters Capricorn and begins his northward course, Uttarāyaṇa — the six months the Gītā calls the path of light. It is the great solar festival of harvest and thanksgiving: the Sun, the cattle and the earth are honoured, sesame and jaggery are shared, and a bath in a sacred river carries special merit.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma-parva 114–115 and Anuśāsana-parva 153–154; Bhagavad Gītā 8.24
Bhīṣma, grandsire of the Kurus, fell on the tenth day of the war, pierced by so many arrows that his body did not touch the ground. He had from his father the boon of choosing the hour of his death, and seeing the Sun still on his southern course, he resolved to wait. For fifty-eight nights he lay on the bed of arrows, teaching Yudhiṣṭhira the whole of dharma — the duties of kings, the ways of peace, the thousand names of Viṣṇu. When the Sun turned north he said, “The blessed month of Māgha has come,” took leave of all, fixed his mind on Kṛṣṇa standing before him, and let his breath pass out through the crown of his head.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
Tamil Nadu keeps four days of Poṅgal — Bhogi, Sūrya Poṅgal when new rice boils over in a new pot to cries of “Poṅgalo Poṅgal!”, Māṭṭu Poṅgal for the cattle, and Kāṇum Poṅgal. Gujarat’s sky fills with kites for Uttarāyaṇ; Punjab lights the Lohṛī bonfire on the eve; Assam feasts at Māgha Bihu; Maharashtra exchanges til-gūḷ with “speak sweetly”; Karnataka shares eḷḷu-bella; Bengal makes piṭhe and holds the Gaṅgā Sāgara Melā; Kerala’s Śabarimala sees the Makara-jyoti; Uttar Pradesh and Bihar eat khicaṛī and dahī-cūṛā; and Prayāga’s Māgha Melā opens.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Bath at sunrise in a river or with sesame in the water; arghya to the Sun; tarpaṇa to the ancestors; gifts of sesame, jaggery, blankets, khicaṛī, ghee and new vessels — sesame used in six ways: bathing, anointing, offering in fire, giving, eating and sowing. Cows are bathed, their horns painted, and fed the first of the harvest.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 3
ॐ घृणिः सूर्य आदित्यः ॥
oṃ ghṛṇiḥ sūrya ādityaḥ ||
अर्थ: Oṃ — the radiant one, Sūrya, the son of Aditi.
फल: The eight-syllable Sūrya mantra — recited with arghya at sunrise for health, eyesight, vitality and a bright intellect.
अर्थ: Fire, light, day, the bright fortnight, the six months of the Sun’s northern course — departing by these, the knowers of Brahman go to Brahman.
फल: Kṛṣṇa’s own word on the path of light that opens at Uttarāyaṇa.
Bhagavad Gītā 8.24
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 3
Bhagavad Gītā 8.24
Mahābhārata, Anuśāsana-parva 153–154
Sūrya Siddhānta 14 (Saṅkrānti)
अमावस्या
✦महत्त्व
The new moon, when Sun and Moon dwell together — the day that belongs to the ancestors. Offerings of water and sesame made today reach them directly, and their blessing is sought for the family’s welfare. A new moon on a Monday (Somavatī) is especially sacred for married women, who circle the pīpal tree 108 times; on a Saturday (Śanaiścarī) Śani is propitiated with sesame oil; on a Tuesday (Bhaumavatī) debts are said to be cleared by ancestral rites.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Mahābhārata, Anuśāsana-parva 87–92; Matsya Purāṇa 14 (Acchodā and the Pitṛs)
The Matsya Purāṇa tells of Acchodā, mind-born daughter of the Pitṛs, who through a moment’s wavering fell from heaven. The Pitṛs, in compassion, told her that the day of her fall would be named Amāvasyā, dear to them above all days, and that whatever is offered to the ancestors on it would be imperishable. Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira that of all tithis the new moon is foremost for the śrāddha.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Tarpaṇa with water and black sesame facing south; feeding of crows, cows and the needy; a lamp of sesame oil under the pīpal at dusk; on Somavatī, circumambulation of the pīpal with thread, and a vow of silence at the bath.
oṃ bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ | tat savitur vareṇyaṃ bhargo devasya dhīmahi | dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt ||
अर्थ: We meditate on the adorable radiance of the divine Savitṛ; may he awaken our understanding.
फल: The mother of the Vedic mantras — recited at sunrise, noon and sunset for clarity of mind, inner light and the blessing of the Sun.
Ṛgveda 3.62.10 (Viśvāmitra)
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥
oṃ namo bhagavate vāsudevāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to the blessed Lord Vāsudeva.
फल: The dvādaśākṣara — by this mantra the child Dhruva saw the Lord within six months; recited for devotion, protection and liberation.
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.8.54 — the twelve-syllable mantra Nārada gives to Dhruva
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Matsya Purāṇa 14
Mahābhārata, Anuśāsana-parva 87–92
15सोम
सोमवार, 15 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष प्रतिपदा · उत्तराषाढा
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शुक्ल पक्ष प्रतिपदा · तक 23:31
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सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:03
16मंगल
मंगलवार, 16 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष द्वितीया · श्रवण
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शुक्ल पक्ष द्वितीया · तक 00:38 (next day)
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सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:03
17बुध
बुधवार, 17 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष तृतीया · धनिष्ठा
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माघ
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शुक्ल पक्ष तृतीया · तक 02:14 (next day)
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धनिष्ठा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:04
18गुरु
गुरुवार, 18 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष चतुर्थी · शतभिषा
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माघ
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शुक्ल पक्ष चतुर्थी · तक 04:17 (next day)
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शतभिषा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:05
19शुक्र
शुक्रवार, 19 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष पंचमी · पूर्व भाद्रपद
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चान्द्र मास
माघ
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शुक्ल पक्ष पंचमी · तक 06:40 (next day)
नक्षत्र
पूर्व भाद्रपद
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:06
वसन्त पंचमी
✦महत्त्व
The fifth day of spring, sacred to Sarasvatī — goddess of speech, learning, music and the arts. Everything turns yellow: mustard fields, clothes, saffron rice. Children write their first letters, and books, pens and instruments are laid at her feet. It is a self-standing muhūrta for beginning any study or art.
The Ṛgveda hails her: “Best of mothers, best of rivers, best of goddesses, Sarasvatī.” The Brahma-vaivarta Purāṇa tells that Kṛṣṇa himself first worshipped Sarasvatī and ordained that she be honoured on the fifth of bright Māgha, at the start of study; by her grace Vālmīki received poetry, Vyāsa the power to compose the Purāṇas, and Yājñavalkya, who had lost his learning through his teacher’s displeasure, regained it with a hymn that is still recited. A beloved telling adds that Brahmā, finding his new creation silent, sprinkled water from his kamaṇḍalu, and a goddess in white arose with a vīṇā; as she touched the strings, the winds, the rivers and all creatures found their voice.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
Bengal, Odisha, Assam and Bihar keep Sarasvatī Pūjā in every school and lane, and children begin writing with Hāte-khaṛi; students do not touch books until the worship is done. Punjab flies kites over mustard fields; Rajasthan wears jasmine garlands; the Sufi shrines of Delhi have kept Basant with yellow flowers since Amīr Khusro. It is also remembered as the day Kāma and Rati are worshipped, and forty days later comes Holī.
🔥पूजा और हवन
The image or a kalaśa is set on yellow cloth; books, instruments, pens and inkpots are placed before it. White and yellow flowers, palāśa blossoms, sandal, yellow sweets, ber fruit and saffron rice are offered; the Sarasvatī-stotra and Sarasvatī-sūkta are recited; a homa with ghee, and children’s akṣarārambha — tracing “Oṃ” in rice.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यं वरदे कामरूपिणि ।
विद्यारम्भं करिष्यामि सिद्धिर्भवतु मे सदा ॥
oṃ bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ | tat savitur vareṇyaṃ bhargo devasya dhīmahi | dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt ||
अर्थ: We meditate on the adorable radiance of the divine Savitṛ; may he awaken our understanding.
फल: The mother of the Vedic mantras — recited at sunrise, noon and sunset for clarity of mind, inner light and the blessing of the Sun.
Ṛgveda 3.62.10 (Viśvāmitra)
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Ṛgveda 2.41.16; 6.61
Brahma-vaivarta Purāṇa, Prakṛti-khaṇḍa 4–5
20शनि
शनिवार, 20 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष षष्ठी · उत्तर भाद्रपद
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शुक्ल पक्ष षष्ठी · तक 09:13 (next day)
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07:10 · 18:06
21रवि
रविवार, 21 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष षष्ठी · रेवती
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शुक्ल पक्ष षष्ठी · तक 09:13
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रेवती
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:10 · 18:07
22सोम
सोमवार, 22 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष सप्तमी · रेवती
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चान्द्र मास
माघ
सूर्योदय की तिथि
शुक्ल पक्ष सप्तमी · तक 11:43
नक्षत्र
रेवती
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:09 · 18:08
रथ सप्तमी
✦महत्त्व
The Sun’s own day — Sūrya Jayantī — when he is said to have first mounted his seven-horsed chariot and lit the world. A bath at dawn with arka leaves is held to remove seven kinds of wrong gathered over seven births, and to give health; it is also called Ārogya Saptamī and Acalā Saptamī.
The Bhaviṣya Purāṇa tells that Sūrya was born to Aditi and Kaśyapa on the seventh tithi, and that the seventh is therefore dearest to him. It tells too of Sāmba, the handsome son of Kṛṣṇa, who through a curse was struck with leprosy; on Nārada’s counsel he went to the bank of the Candrabhāgā, worshipped the Sun through the year with the saptamī vows, and was made whole — and in thanksgiving raised the first temple of the Sun. Another telling is of King Yaśovarmā of Kāmboja, whose only son was born sickly; a sage saw that the boy lacked merit from former lives and prescribed the Ratha Saptamī vow, by which the prince was healed and ruled long.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
At Tirumala the Lord rides seven vāhanas in a single day, from Sūrya-prabhā at dawn to Candra-prabhā at night — a “half-Brahmotsava”. Koṇārka, Arasavalli and Modhera keep their great day; Karnataka and Tamil homes draw a chariot raṅgolī and boil milk in the open courtyard until it overflows toward the Sun; mass Sūrya-namaskāra is performed in schools.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Bath at aruṇodaya (the red dawn) with seven arka (Calotropis) leaves — one on the head, two on the shoulders, two on the knees, two on the feet — with rice and ber fruit on them; arghya to the Sun from a copper vessel with red flowers and red sandal; pāyasa cooked in the sun on a fire of dried cow-dung; the Āditya-hṛdaya and the twelve names of the Sun.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ घृणिः सूर्य आदित्यः ॥
oṃ ghṛṇiḥ sūrya ādityaḥ ||
अर्थ: Oṃ — the radiant one, Sūrya, the son of Aditi.
फल: The eight-syllable Sūrya mantra — recited with arghya at sunrise for health, eyesight, vitality and a bright intellect.
The eleventh tithi of each fortnight, dearest of all days to Viṣṇu. Eleven stands for the ten senses and the mind; on this day they are turned from food toward the Lord. The Padma Purāṇa gives each of the year’s Ekādaśīs its own name, story and fruit.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa 38 — the birth of Ekādaśī
In the Kṛta age the asura Mura drove the gods from heaven. Viṣṇu fought him for a thousand divine years and then withdrew to rest in the cave Hemavatī at Badarikāśrama. Mura followed, meaning to slay the sleeping Lord — when from Viṣṇu’s own body sprang a radiant maiden, armed, who met the asura in battle and reduced him to ashes with a sound. Waking, the Lord asked who had done this; she answered that she was born of him, on the eleventh day. Pleased, he named her Ekādaśī and granted her wish: that whoever fasts on her day be freed from wrong and come to his abode.
🌙व्रत
A light single meal on Daśamī; on Ekādaśī a full fast, or fruit and milk, with all grains and beans set aside; a night vigil with the names of Hari; and pāraṇa on Dvādaśī morning after sunrise, within the Dvādaśī, after feeding another.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Viṣṇu is worshipped with tulasī leaves, sandal, flowers, lamp and fruit; the Viṣṇu-sahasranāma, the Gītā and the Ekādaśī-māhātmya of the day are read; lamps are lit before the tulasī at dusk.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥
oṃ namo bhagavate vāsudevāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to the blessed Lord Vāsudeva.
फल: The dvādaśākṣara — by this mantra the child Dhruva saw the Lord within six months; recited for devotion, protection and liberation.
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.8.54 — the twelve-syllable mantra Nārada gives to Dhruva
ॐ नमो नारायणाय ॥
oṃ namo nārāyaṇāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Nārāyaṇa, the refuge of all beings.
फल: The eight-syllable mantra — the Upaniṣad says one who recites it attains full life, prosperity and the abode of Viṣṇu.
Nārāyaṇa Upaniṣad (Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda)
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 1
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa 36–63
27शनि
शनिवार, 27 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष द्वादशी · मृगशिरा
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चान्द्र मास
माघ
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शुक्ल पक्ष द्वादशी · तक 16:50
नक्षत्र
मृगशिरा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:08 · 18:11
प्रदोष व्रत
✦महत्त्व
The thirteenth tithi at twilight — the hour and a half around sunset when Śiva, having drunk the poison of the churned ocean, danced between the horns of Nandī for the joy of the gods. Worship in this window is held to please him swiftly; a Monday (Soma) or Saturday (Śani) Pradoṣa is prized most.
When the hālāhala poison rose from the churned ocean and scorched the worlds, the gods fled to Kailāsa. Śiva, in compassion, gathered the poison in his palm and drank it; Pārvatī pressed his throat, and it stayed there, turning it blue — Nīlakaṇṭha. The Skanda Purāṇa tells that on the thirteenth, at dusk, he danced in gladness while the gods stood round in worship, and relates how a destitute widow’s son and an orphaned prince, taught the Pradoṣa vow by the sage Śāṇḍilya, regained a kingdom by it.
🌙व्रत
A fast from sunrise, broken after the twilight worship; kept on both thirteenths of the month.
🔥पूजा और हवन
In the pradoṣa window: abhiṣeka of the liṅga with milk and water, bilva leaves, lamp and incense; Nandī is worshipped first and the liṅga viewed between his horns; the pradakṣiṇā is done in the half-circle Soma-sūtra manner; the Śiva-pradoṣa-stotra and Rudram are recited.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमः शिवाय ॥
oṃ namaḥ śivāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Śiva, the auspicious one.
फल: The five-syllable mantra at the heart of the Yajurveda — purifies the five elements of the body and steadies the mind in Śiva.
अर्थ: We worship the three-eyed Lord, fragrant, the nourisher of all; as a ripe gourd is freed from its stalk, may he free us from death, not from immortality.
फल: The great death-conquering mantra — japa of 108 for health, long life, recovery from illness and fearlessness.
Ṛgveda 7.59.12 (Vasiṣṭha); Śukla Yajurveda 3.60
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 2
Skanda Purāṇa, Brahmottara-khaṇḍa 6–7
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.7
28रवि
रविवार, 28 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष त्रयोदशी · आर्द्रा
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माघ
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शुक्ल पक्ष त्रयोदशी · तक 15:42
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आर्द्रा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:08 · 18:12
29सोम
सोमवार, 29 जनवरी 2029
माघ · शुक्ल पक्ष चतुर्दशी · पुनर्वसु
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चान्द्र मास
माघ
सूर्योदय की तिथि
शुक्ल पक्ष चतुर्दशी · तक 13:54
नक्षत्र
पुनर्वसु
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:08 · 18:13
30मंगल
मंगलवार, 30 जनवरी 2029
माघ · पूर्णिमा · पुष्य
☀दिन के बारे में
चान्द्र मास
माघ
सूर्योदय की तिथि
पूर्णिमा · तक 11:34
नक्षत्र
पुष्य
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:07 · 18:13
माघी पूर्णिमा
✦महत्त्व
The full moon that completes the Māgha bath. The month-long vow of the kalpavāsīs at Prayāga closes today, and the merit of the whole month is said to be gained by one who bathes this one morning. The Moon stands in Maghā, the star of the ancestors.
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa — Māgha-māhātmya
The Māgha-māhātmya tells of many who were raised by the Māgha bath — among them a band of gandharva maidens and a sage’s son turned to piśācas by a curse, who regained their forms when the sage Lomaśa led them to bathe at Prayāga in Māgha. “Viṣṇu is not so pleased by vows, gifts and austerities,” says Vasiṣṭha, “as he is by the mere bath of Māgha.”
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
The kalpavāsīs take their last dip, give away their bedding and vessels, and carry home a little sand of the Saṅgama. Tamil Nadu keeps Māsi Magham, when temple deities are carried to the sea or tank for tīrthavāri, and every twelve years the Mahāmaham at Kumbakonam. Ravidās Jayantī falls on the same full moon.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Bath before sunrise; worship of Viṣṇu (Mādhava, lord of the month) and Satyanārāyaṇa kathā; gifts of sesame, blankets, cotton, ghee, jaggery and food; tarpaṇa to the ancestors under their own star.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमो नारायणाय ॥
oṃ namo nārāyaṇāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Nārāyaṇa, the refuge of all beings.
फल: The eight-syllable mantra — the Upaniṣad says one who recites it attains full life, prosperity and the abode of Viṣṇu.
gaṅge ca yamune caiva godāvari sarasvati | narmade sindhu kāveri jale’smin sannidhiṃ kuru ||
अर्थ: O Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Godāvarī, Sarasvatī, Narmadā, Sindhu and Kāverī — be present in this water.
फल: Recited over the bathing water — it brings the seven sacred rivers to wherever the bather stands.
Traditional snāna-mantra
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 1
Padma Purāṇa, Uttara-khaṇḍa, Māgha-māhātmya
पूर्णिमा
✦महत्त्व
The full moon — the day of fullness, when the mind’s own planet is complete. It is the customary day for the Satyanārāyaṇa vrata, for charity, for honouring the guru and for a bath in sacred waters; each month’s full moon carries its own festival.
Nārada, grieved by the sufferings of people in the Kali age, asked Viṣṇu for a simple remedy, and the Lord taught him the worship of Satya-Nārāyaṇa — Truth itself as God. The kathā’s five chapters tell of a poor brāhmaṇa of Kāśī, a woodcutter, the merchant Sādhu and his daughter Kalāvatī, and King Tuṅgadhvaja: each prospered by keeping the vow and honouring its prasāda, and each stumbled on forgetting a promise made to the Lord — for truthfulness is the vow’s real offering.
🔥पूजा और हवन
In the evening: a kalaśa and an image or picture of Viṣṇu under a canopy of plantain stems; offerings of tulasī, fruit and the prasāda of roasted wheat flour, sugar, ghee, milk and banana (sapāda-bhakṣya); the five-chapter kathā is read aloud and the prasāda shared with all. Arghya is offered to the risen moon.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमो नारायणाय ॥
oṃ namo nārāyaṇāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Nārāyaṇa, the refuge of all beings.
फल: The eight-syllable mantra — the Upaniṣad says one who recites it attains full life, prosperity and the abode of Viṣṇu.
Nārāyaṇa Upaniṣad (Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda)
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥
oṃ namo bhagavate vāsudevāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to the blessed Lord Vāsudeva.
फल: The dvādaśākṣara — by this mantra the child Dhruva saw the Lord within six months; recited for devotion, protection and liberation.
Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.8.54 — the twelve-syllable mantra Nārada gives to Dhruva
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 1
Skanda Purāṇa, Revā-khaṇḍa (Satyanārāyaṇa-kathā)
31बुध
बुधवार, 31 जनवरी 2029
माघ · कृष्ण पक्ष प्रतिपदा · आश्लेषा
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चान्द्र मास
माघ
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कृष्ण पक्ष प्रतिपदा · तक 08:49
नक्षत्र
आश्लेषा
सूर्योदय · सूर्यास्त (उज्जैन)
07:07 · 18:14
सन्दर्भ
◐छब्बीस एकादशियाँ 26
चौबीस एकादशियों का वर्ष — बाहरी वलय शुक्ल, भीतरी कृष्ण; केन्द्र में अधिक मास की दो
पद्म पुराण, उत्तर-खण्ड, अध्याय ३८–६३ में प्रत्येक एकादशी की महिमा वैसे ही कही गई है जैसे श्रीकृष्ण ने युधिष्ठिर को सुनाई। कार्ड अमान्त मास देते हैं; पुराण उत्तर भारत की पूर्णिमान्त गणना में बोलता है, जिसमें कृष्ण पक्ष अगले मास के नाम से लिखा जाता है — दिन वही है। प्रत्येक कार्ड ग्रन्थालय में अपने अध्याय पर खुलता है।
On the Dvādaśī the pavitrāropaṇa — the offering of the sacred thread — to Vāsudeva is taught, with threads of gold, silver, copper, linen, silk and lotus-fibre.
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
अध्याय में: राजा महीजित् और ऋषि लोमश; द्वादशी को पवित्रारोपण
देवता निर्जिताः सर्वाः स्वर्गभ्रष्टाः कृताः प्रभो ।
अत्युग्रेण हि दैत्येन मुरनाम्ना महौजसा ।
इंद्रस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा विष्णुर्वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ 65 ॥
All the gods have been defeated and cast out of heaven, O Lord, by the exceedingly fierce and mighty daitya named Mura. Hearing Indra’s words, Viṣṇu spoke.
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
अध्याय में: चन्द्रावती का दैत्य मुर, जो देवताओं को स्वर्ग से निकालता है — स्वयं एकादशी की उत्पत्ति का अध्याय
… for so many thousand years he is honoured in heaven. Bathing with sesame, rubbing the body with sesame, offering sesame into the fire, sesame in water —
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
Nārada asked the lotus-seated Brahmā: “The one in the dark fortnight of Phālguna, Vijayā by name — tell me her merit, O best of the twice-born, by your grace.”
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
अमा वा यदि वा पूर्णा संपूर्णा जायते तदा ।
भूत्वा वै नाडिकाषष्ठिर्जायते प्रतिपद्दिने ।
अश्वमेधायुतैस्तुल्या सा भवेत्पक्षवर्द्धिनी ॥ 2 ॥
When the Amāvāsyā or the Pūrṇimā runs complete — a full sixty nāḍikās — and continues into the Pratipad day, that is Pakṣavardhinī, equal to ten thousand horse-sacrifices.
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
3
जया और विजया — नक्षत्र से नामित
पुनर्वसु में शुक्ल एकादशी — जया; श्रवण में शुक्ल द्वादशी — विजया। अध्याय इसी प्रकार जयन्ती और पापनाशिनी बताता है।
On the Dvādaśī the pavitrāropaṇa — the offering of the sacred thread — to Vāsudeva is taught, with threads of gold, silver, copper, linen, silk and lotus-fibre.
अंग्रेज़ी भावार्थ होरा का है — उपलब्ध संस्करण में केवल हिन्दी टीका है।
पाठ दिन से क्या माँगता है
सब अध्याय मिलकर वही थोड़ी-सी बातें माँगते हैं: एकादशी का उपवास (निर्जला पर निर्जल); अध्याय में दिए नाम से विष्णु-पूजन — दामोदर, हृषीकेश, पद्मनाभ; दिन के अनुरूप अर्पण — सफला पर फल, षट्तिला पर तिल, कामिका पर तुलसी; भजन-स्तोत्र के साथ रात्रि-जागरण; और द्वादशी को पारण से पहले पुनः पूजन। दिन का जप द्वादशाक्षरी — ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय — और विष्णु-सहस्रनाम है।
🌘ग्रहण
वराहमिहिर दोनों बातें साथ रखते हैं। पहले कथा: अमृत चखने वाला कटा हुआ सिर, जो ग्रह बना। फिर विज्ञान: चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी की छाया में प्रवेश करता है, और सूर्य-ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा सूर्य को ढकता है — “राहु कारण नहीं है”। और फिर यह कि अनुष्ठान क्यों चलता है: ब्रह्मा के वर से ग्रहण-काल की आहुति में राहु का भाग है।
वास्तव में, अपने ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी की छाया में प्रवेश करता है; सूर्य-ग्रहण में चन्द्रमा सूर्य को ढकता है। इसलिए ग्रहण चन्द्रमा के लिए पिछले भाग से, और सूर्य के लिए अगले भाग से नहीं, आरम्भ होता है।
इस प्रकार दिव्य-दृष्टि वाले आचार्यों ने ग्रहण का वास्तविक कारण कहा है; और कहा गया है कि राहु इसका वास्तविक भौतिक कारण नहीं है, यही शास्त्र का वास्तविक तात्पर्य है।