मंगलवार, 1 मार्च 2022
माघ · कृष्ण पक्ष चतुर्दशी · धनिष्ठा
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- कृष्ण पक्ष चतुर्दशी · तक 01:01 (next day)
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- 06:49 · 18:30
महा शिवरात्रि
✦महत्त्व
शिव की महान रात्रि। हर मास के कृष्ण पक्ष की चतुर्दशी को शिवरात्रि होती है; माघ की (उत्तर की गणना में फाल्गुन की) यह रात्रि सबसे बड़ी है — वह रात जब शिव पहली बार अनन्त ज्योति-स्तम्भ के रूप में प्रकट हुए, और पार्वती से उनके विवाह की रात। उपवास, जागरण और रात्रि के चारों प्रहरों में पूजन — ये इसके तीन अंग हैं।
📜शास्त्रों की कथा
Śiva Purāṇa, Koṭirudra-saṃhitā 40; Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā 6–9
A hunter named Gurudruha, who had never done a good deed, found no food for his family one day — and so, unknowing, fasted. At nightfall he climbed a bilva tree beside a pool with a pot of water, waiting for game; beneath the tree, unseen, stood a Śiva-liṅga. In each watch of the night a deer came to drink; as he drew his bow, water spilled and bilva leaves fell upon the liṅga — and so, unknowing, he worshipped. Each deer pleaded to settle its young and promised to return; each time he relented, and his heart grew lighter. At dawn the whole family of deer returned together to keep their word, and the hunter, overcome, lowered his bow for good. Śiva appeared, named him Guha, and promised that Rāma himself would one day be his friend. The Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā tells of the other wonder of this night: the blazing, endless column that rose between Brahmā and Viṣṇu as they disputed, whose top and root neither could find.
🪔क्षेत्रीय परम्पराएँ और लोककथाएँ
The twelve Jyotirliṅgas and Kāśī, Paśupatinātha and Śrīśailam are thronged all night; Kashmir keeps Herath with walnuts soaked in water; Tamil Nadu’s dancers offer nāṭyāñjali at Cidambaram, where Śiva is the dancer; the runners of Kanyākumārī visit twelve shrines in the Śivālaya Oṭṭam; Mandi in Himachal holds a week-long fair of the hill gods. Married women pray for their husbands, the unmarried for a husband like Śiva.
🌙व्रत
A day’s fast — fruit and milk for those who need it — begun with a saṅkalpa at dawn; a night-long vigil; worship in each of the four praharas; and pāraṇa the next morning after sunrise, within the Caturdaśī where it lasts.
🔥पूजा और हवन
Abhiṣeka of the liṅga through the four watches — with milk in the first, curd in the second, ghee in the third and honey in the fourth — then water, bilva leaves of three leaflets, dhatūra, āka flowers, bhasma and sandal. The Śrī Rudram (Namakam and Camakam) is chanted, with Rudra-homa in temples; the pañcākṣarī is repeated through the night.
ॐमन्त्र और जप 2
ॐ नमः शिवाय ॥
oṃ namaḥ śivāya ||
अर्थ: Salutation to Śiva, the auspicious one.
फल: The five-syllable mantra at the heart of the Yajurveda — purifies the five elements of the body and steadies the mind in Śiva.
ॐ त्र्यम्बकं यजामहे सुगन्धिं पुष्टिवर्धनम् ।
उर्वारुकमिव बन्धनान्मृत्योर्मुक्षीय माऽमृतात् ॥
oṃ tryambakaṃ yajāmahe sugandhiṃ puṣṭivardhanam | urvārukam iva bandhanān mṛtyor mukṣīya mā’mṛtāt ||
अर्थ: We worship the three-eyed Lord, fragrant, the nourisher of all; as a ripe gourd is freed from its stalk, may he free us from death, not from immortality.
फल: The great death-conquering mantra — japa of 108 for health, long life, recovery from illness and fearlessness.
📖शास्त्रीय सन्दर्भ 3
- Śiva Purāṇa, Koṭirudra-saṃhitā 38–40
- Śiva Purāṇa, Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā 6–9
- Liṅga Purāṇa 1.17–20